Mixing, entrainment and energetics of gravity currents released from two-layer stratified locks

We conduct three-dimensional direct numerical simulations to investigate the mixing, entrainment and energy budgets of gravity currents emerging from two-layer stratified locks. Depending on density layer thickness ratios, we find that either upper or lower fluid can propagate faster, structure overall current range strongly near-complete mixing. furthermore observe intermediate values ratio maximise mixing between layers. Based vorticity budget, propose a theoretical model for predicting height, along with front velocity two layers, situations in which moves faster than layer. The identifies role height ratios determining current, it clarifies dynamics ambient counter-current. A detailed analysis budget quantifies conversion potential into kinetic as function governing parameters, transfer different layers fluid. lock gain lose energy, whereas always loses energy.