Modelling direct, diffuse, and total solar radiation for cloudless days

Diffuse solar ultraviolet radiation.

The solar UV exposure to the eyes of humans is due to the direct and diffuse components of solar radiation. The direct ocular UV exposures to the eyes are reduced due to the natural aversion of the majority of people from looking directly at the sun. The diffuse UV is incident from all directions and as a result, it is more difficult to minimise the ocular exposure to this component of the sola...

A model of diffuse broadband solar irradiance for a cloudless sky

Sophisticated and comprehensive spectral and broadband radiation-transfer equation models, which require numerical solution, are well established in the study of direct and diffuse light (Mishchenko et al. 2002, 2003; Bird and Riordan 1984). At the other extreme are well-supported and simple empirical broadband models for diffuse irradiance in terms of the direct irradiance (Peterson and Dirmhi...

Solar radiation during a total solar eclipse

Parametrisation of solar radiation at the surface under cloudless conditions and its validation against observations

Radiative transfer is one of the most important physical processes in the atmosphere and must be treated accurately in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models. In recent decades there have been many efforts aimed at improving the accuracy of radiation measurements and modelling (for example Murcray et al. 1996; Edwards and Slingo 1996; Mlawer et al. 1997; Sun and Rikus 1999; Li an...

New Concepts for Static Concentration of Direct and Diffuse Radiation

The rules for casting maximum en,ergy on a cell placed in a static concentrator of minimum entry aperture are derived. A concentration o( 9.13 for collecting the direct sun~eam throughout the year and of 4.5 for collecting diffuse light are upper bounds when using practical ~! erials. Practical bifacial solar cells required to achieve ~hose figu: res are presented. A prototype of concentrator w...