Modelling Winter Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Growth and Yield under Different Sowing Dates and Densities Using AquaCrop Model

The sowing date and density are considered to be the main factors affecting crop yield. determination of density, however, is fraught with uncertainty due influence climatic conditions, topography, variety other factors. Therefore, it necessary find a comprehensive consideration these guide production winter rapeseed. A reliable model could crucial tool investigate response rapeseed growth changes in density. At present, few studies related simulation have been reported, especially evaluation effects on development production. This study aimed evaluate performance AquaCrop for yield under various dates densities, optimize agricultural high-efficient Jianghuai Plain. Two years experiments were carried out growing season 2020 2021. parameters fully calibrated performances different treatments densities evaluated. results indicated that capability interpret was superior densities. For canopy development, RMSE three scenarios 7–22% 16–23%, respectively. simulated biomass grain (RMSE: 0.8–2.1 t·ha−1, Pe: 0–35.3%) generally better than those 0.7–3.9 8.2–90%). Compared higher overestimation errors observed low-density treatment. Adequate agreement evapotranspiration achieved, an R2 0.79 26 mm. Combining field data, optimal scheme achieving steadily high Plain east China determined October 25.0–37.5 plant·m−2. demonstrates great potential patterns provides technical means guidance formulation local