Moving towards deep underground mineral resources: Drivers, challenges and potential solutions

Underground mining has historically occurred in surface and near-surface (shallow) mineral deposits. While no universal definition of deep underground exists, humanity's need for non-renewable natural resources inevitably pushed the boundaries possibility terms environmental technological constraints. Recently, is being extensively developed due to depletion shallow One main advantages its lower footprint compared mining. In this paper, we summarise key factors driving mining, which include an increasing raw materials, exhaustion deposits, scrutiny. We examine challenges associated with mainly the: environmental, financial, geological, geotechnical aspects. Furthermore, explore solutions provided by recent advances science technology, such as integration processing digital revolution. further role legacy data ability bridge current future practices context