Multiphase Polarization in Ion‐Intercalation Nanofilms: General Theory Including Various Surface Effects and Memory Applications

Ion concentration polarization (CP, current-induced gradient adjacent to a charge-selective interface) has been well studied for single-phase mixed conductors (e.g., liquid electrolyte), but multiphase CP rarely addressed in literature. In our recent publication, we proposed that above certain threshold currents can flip the phase distribution ion-intercalation nanofilms sandwiched by ion-blocking electrodes. This phenomenon is known as (MP). It then MP further lead nonvolatile interfacial resistive switching (RS) asymmetric electrodes with ion-modulated electron transfer, which theory reproduce experimental results of LTO memristors. this study, comprehensive 2D phase-field model derived coupled ion-electron transport materials, surface effects including transfer kinetics, non-neutral wetting, energy relaxation, and charge. Then, used study MP. Time evolution boundaries presented, analyze time, current, energy, cyclic voltammetry, various boundary conditions. found performance be improved significantly manipulating conditions mean concentration. Finally, prospects MP-based memories possible extensions current discussed.