Multiple Literacies Theory: how it functions, what it produces

Developmental systems theory: what does it explain, and how does it explain it?

We examine developmental systems theory (DST) with two questions in mind: What does DST explain? How does DST explain it? To answer these questions, we start by reviewing major contributions to the origins of DST: the introduction of the idea of a "developmental system", the idea of probabilistic epigenesis, the attention to the role of information in the developmental system, and finally the e...

Wound Exudate: What It Is and How to Manage It

In normal wound healing, exudate volume will decrease as healing occurs. However, exudate can cause problems if the quantity means that it is difficult to prevent dressing leakage or if there is swelling (oedema). Dressing leakage (known as strike-through) may increase the risk of infection since dressings that are moist or wet on the outside are more attractive to microbes and more easily pene...

Implementation research: what it is and how to do it

1Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; 2Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland; 3University of Ghana School of Public Health/Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana; 4Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, Implementation Res...

Evolvability: What Is It and How Do We Get It?

Programmed Instruction: What It Is and How to Do It

Five behaviorological features of programmed instruction are outlined: behavioral objectives, reinforcement, activity rate: high and relevant, successive approximation, and mastery progression. Each of these topics is explained, and examples are given to illustrate the differences between programmed instruction and the more common 'transmission' model of teaching. A final section provides sugge...