N-acetylcysteine in COPD: why, how, and when?

N-acetylcysteine in COPD: why, how, and when?

Oxidants have long been recognized to have an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD, and in this cigarette smoke has a strong responsibility, because it generates a conspicuous amount of oxidant radicals able to modify the structure of the respiratory tract and to enhance several mechanisms that sustain lung inflammation in COPD. In fact, oxidative stress is highly increased in COPD and na...

Application of qualitative research in management (why, when and how)

Application of qualitative research in management (why, when and how) Qualitative research has been increasingly used in all sciences. In this paper we will discuss about the applications of qualitative research methods in management sciences. The differences between quantitative and qualitative researches will be clarified and the statistical methods which are suitable for such researches will...

Reflection in Nursing Education: Why and How?

Introduction: Nursing education should develop autonomy, critical thinking, open-mindedness and sensitivity to others. Reflection seems to be an effective strategy for developing such capabilities in nursing. Therefore, this narrative review study was carried out to explore reflection in nursing education. Methods: Using keywords like reflecting, reflection and nursing reflection, FarsiandEngl...

The Why, Who, What, How, and When of Patient Engagement in Healthcare Organizations: A Response to Recent Commentaries

Decoronation: how, why, and when?

Decoronation is a surgical method for treating ankylosed incisors in children and adolescents. The crown and root filling are removed, leaving the root in situ to be resorbed and covered with a mucoperiosteal flap. Early loss of a permanent tooth leads to loss of alveolar bone, especially in buccopalatal width. Decoronation preserves not only the width of the ridge but also the vertical height.