Needle Pain in Children: Contextual Factors
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Needle pain in children: contextual factors.
Pediatric pain experiences result from a complex interplay of genetic, experiential, and developmental factors. These elements, as they relate to needle-stick procedures and other relevant painful phenomena, are explored in this article so that the context of possible interventions may be more fully appreciated. Clinical implications are discussed incorporating ethical perspectives.
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Hypodermic needles are in widespread use, but patients are unhappy with the pain, anxiety, and difficulty of using them. To increase patient acceptance, smaller needle diameters and lower insertion forces have been shown to reduce the frequency of painful injections. Guided by these observations, fine needles and microneedles have been developed to minimize pain and have found the greatest util...
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OBJECTIVE To assess the association between the prevalence of malocclusion in Brazilian 12 years-olds with individual and contextual variables. METHODS A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted with data from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey - SBBrazil 2010. The outcome studied was malocclusion, categorized as absent, set, severe and very severe. The independent variables were classif...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Pediatrics
سال: 2008
ISSN: 0031-4005,1098-4275
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-1055d