NETWORK SIZE, SOCIAL ACCOMPANIMENT, AND GENDER: PROTECTIVE OR RISK FACTOR FOR REAL-TIME LONELINESS, AND FOR WHOM?

Abstract Large personal networks are a key marker of social integration that protect against loneliness. Yet how such shapes loneliness on momentary basis remains unclear. This study examines (1) the role network size in shaping older adults’ loneliness, (2) accompaniment modifies this association (protective or risk factor), and (3) whether moderation varies by gender. We use three waves ecological assessments (n = 12,251) data collected from 333 adults as part Chicago Health Activity Real-Time (CHART). Findings multilevel regression models suggest with large experience greater intensity when momentarily alone compared to those smaller networks. is also more pronounced among men women. Results support our deviation-from-baseline hypothesis, which further supported additional analyses find similar between frequent interaction ties heightened alone. Additional provide insight into observed gender differences well: women’s company tend be familial characterized caregiving, men’s ties, peers companions. Here, moments isolation may welcome reprieve otherwise demanding relationships (“tethering”). conclude extending well-documented links global measures real-time framework offers novel existing, high-level trends adults.