Neurotoxic Thioether Adducts of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Identified in Human Urine After Ecstasy Ingestion
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Neurotoxic thioether adducts of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine identified in human urine after ecstasy ingestion.
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) is a widely misused synthetic amphetamine derivative and a serotonergic neurotoxicant in animal models and possibly humans. The underlying mechanism of neurotoxicity involves the formation of reactive oxygen species although their source remains unclear. It has been postulated that MDMA-induced neurotoxicity is mediated via the formation of bior...
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3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is a synthetic recreational drug of abuse that produces long-term toxicity associated with the degeneration of serotonergic nerve terminals. In various animal models, direct administration of MDMA into the brain fails to reproduce the serotonergic neurotoxicity, implying a requirement for the systemic metabolism and bioactivation of MDMA. Catech...
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The serotonergic neurotoxicity of 3,4-(+/-)-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) appears dependent upon systemic metabolism because direct injection of MDMA into the brain fails to reproduce the neurotoxicity. MDMA is demethylenated to the catechol metabolite N-methyl-alpha-methyldopamine (N-Me-alpha-MeDA). Thioether (glutathione and N-acetylcysteine) metabolites of N-Me-alpha-MeDA are neurotox...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Drug Metabolism and Disposition
سال: 2009
ISSN: 0090-9556,1521-009X
DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.026393