Nonlinear ultrasound in liquid containing multiple coated microbubbles: effect of buckling and rupture of viscoelastic shell on ultrasound propagation

Abstract With promising applications in medical diagnosis and therapy, the behavior of shell-encapsula-ted ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) has attracted considerable attention. Currently, second-generation stabilized by a phospholipid membrane are widely used studies have focused on dynamics single shell-encapsulated microbubbles. To improve safety efficiency methods using propagation or targeted ultrasound, better understanding liquids containing multiple encapsulated microbubbles is required. By incorporating Marmottant–Gompertz model into scale analysis two-phase model, this study derived Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation as weakly nonlinear wave for one-dimensional bubbly liquids. It was found that characteristics changed with initial surface tension, highlighting two notable features shell: buckling rupture. These results may provide insights suitable state microbubbles, control applications, particularly those require high precision.