Not gendered… but different from each other? A structural equation model for explaining risky road behaviors of female and male pedestrians

As alternative transportation is getting more and fashionable, people worldwide are "shifting" to walking trips, even for their daily commuting, traffic crashes suffered by pedestrians still a great concern road safety public health researchers practitioners. In this regard, risky or "aberrant" behaviors have emerged, during the last few years, as key issue be considered crash prevention. Nevertheless, idea of "generic pedestrian" re-evaluated, analyzing features, such gender, seems crucial understanding pedestrians' performance outcomes. The objective study was examine effect gender on both deliberate (traffic violations) undeliberate (errors) behaviors, considering set theoretically based demographic psychosocial variables potential predictors. For cross-sectional study, data from 1070 Spanish (60 % females 40 males, aged between 16 79) 17 regions Spain, responding an electronic questionnaire, were analyzed through multi-group structural equation modeling (MGSEM) approach. Although age, handheld device-interaction, sensation-seeking seem similar errors violations reported genders (similarities), factors risk perception, educational level misbehaviors observed in other users significant predictors only case male pedestrians. On hand, distractions been shown play role females' violations, while males' affect involuntary behaviors. findings support influence statistical explanation also depicting differential certain when we compare female