Numerical analysis of the tunnel uplift behavior subjected to seismic loading

Seismic loading has always been a major concern for any engineering structures, and thereby, underground facilities (e.g., tunnels) are not exceptional. It is due to the seismically induced uplift instability of tunnels caused by large deformation liquefiable soils. Therefore, tunnel behaviors subjected seismic taken into account in designing stages tunnels. This study's main goal was evaluate how buried non-liquefiable soils would behave when stress. liquefaction potential assessments surrounding were carried out using finite-element method. In this study, PM4sand, an advanced constitutive model adopted all models. addition, displacement excess pore pressure studied, under typical earthquake. Investigations also conducted thickness soil affected loading, displacement, buildup water pressure. As result, during earthquake, triggered most parts sand layer but clay layer. relative motion interaction at both sides tunnel. study found that (sand layer) had significant impact on build-up and, consequently, displacement. The higher thinner was.