Off‐Fault Deformation in Regions of Complex Fault Geometries: The 2013, <i>M</i> _<i>w</i> 7.7, Baluchistan Rupture (Pakistan)

Observations of recent earthquake surface ruptures show that ground deformations include a localized component occurring on faults, and an off-fault affecting the surrounding medium. This second is also referred to as deformation (OFD). The generally occurs complex networks faults connect at depth onto unique fault plane, whereas OFD consists distributed fracturing diffuse bulk volume, over scales hundreds meters kilometers around faults. High-resolution optical image correlation presents potential characterize complexity displacements, including on-fault displacements OFDs. In this study, we used sub-pixel 0.5-m resolution images measure displacement field with <20 cm accuracy for 30-km long section 2013 Mw7.7 Baluchistan, Pakistan, rupture. Our results document significant variability in associated large proportions regions geometrical complexity. Conversely, where geometry simple, entirely accommodated by primary 0% OFD. When combining OFD, total budget constant along strike rupture, despite strong variations observed rupture geometry. Based analysis, propose idealized scenario function variations.