Partner-based opportunism, interface structure, and performance efficiency in upstream and downstream alliance activities contexts

Few alliance studies have theorized that opportunisms effect on performance efficiency is contingent other factors. Our study posits partner size and no end-point serve as interface structure mechanisms condition the outcomes of partner-based opportunism in alliances. We argue direct opportunism, moderation effects end-point, differ according to activities context (i.e., upstream vs. downstream). hypotheses were tested using a survey 361 observe indeed associated with inefficiencies. Further, while has nonsignificant moderating effect, positive relationship between efficiency; is, negative link becomes less for find relevance remains significant among alliances, but drops nonsignificance downstream ones. show downstream, not upstream, Lastly, we results generate important implications managers' efforts design govern