Phylogeographic analysis of the Japanese wild boar (<I>Sus scrofa leucomystax</I>)

The Japanese wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax) is an indigenous subspecies of the boar, which distributed in Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and other smaller islands Japan. distribution area has last 40 years expanded by 1.9-fold due to improved suitable survival conditions, such as global warming decreased snowfall, increased abandoned farmland, hunting pressure. As a result, negative impacts this population increase on humans continue spread. In study, 1,251 boars were sampled from 32 prefectures nearly cover entire Japan, phylogeographical analysis was performed using 30 Measurement Domestic Animal Diversity recommended microsatellite markers. Both neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic trees constructed Nei's DA genetic distance matrix structure classified into six subpopulations, including northern eastern central western Kyushu. identified subpopulations speculated form result several factors, human activity between occurrence three mountain ranges 3,000-meter height inland sea Honshu presence strait Interestingly, some individual Gunma, Tochigi, Miyazaki areas formed distinct separate with animals within these subgroups exhibiting traits low differentiation high diversity, likely suggested gene influx domestic pigs or sources.