PIP3, PIP2, and Cell Movement—Similar Messages, Different Meanings?

PIP2 and PIP3 Complex Roles at the Cell Surface

of pleckstrin homology (PH) domains that bind selectively to these phosphoinositides (Kavran et al., 1998). Worcester, Massachusetts 01605 PH domains have been identified in over 100 proteins, many of which are involved in regulating the actin cy-toskeleton and signaling events at the plasma mem-Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phos-brane. PH domains are about 120 amino acid r...

Segregation of PIP2 and PIP3 into distinct nanoscale regions within the plasma membrane

PIP(2) and PIP(3) are implicated in a wide variety of cellular signaling pathways at the plasma membrane. We have used STORM imaging to localize clusters of PIP(2) and PIP(3) to distinct nanoscale regions within the plasma membrane of PC12 cells. With anti-phospholipid antibodies directly conjugated with AlexaFluor 647, we found that PIP(2) clusters in membrane domains of 64.5±27.558 nm, while ...

Different Meanings of Democracy in

Below the NK-cell surface: PIP2.

In this issue Blood, Micucci and colleagues demonstrate that PIP2 plays an essential role in NK-cell cytotoxicity by controlling the release of lytic mediators at the NK cell-target interface.

Exchanging messages of different sizes

This paper deals with the study of the exchange of messages among a set of processors linked through an interconnection network. We focus on general, non-uniform versions of message exchange problems in asynchronous systems with a linear cost model and messages of arbitrary sizes. We extend previous complexity results to show that the general asynchronous problems are NP-complete. We present se...