Process Simulation Integrated Life Cycle Net Energy Analysis and GHG Assessment of Fuel-Grade Bioethanol Production from Unutilized Rice Straw

For the life cycle scenario of bioethanol production from unutilized rice straw, stage paddy cultivation can be excluded with a zero-inventory allocation rule, i.e., straw no applied valorization in current practice. This study evaluates net energy analysis and greenhouse gas (GHG) assessment for scaled-up plant using as feedstock. The process simulation technique is integrated to model produce at 99.7 vol% purity results are retrieved calculate inventory data (LCA). simulated mass flow comparable that real plants, reported published literature, which validates simulations this study. Including generation waste flows (i.e., wastewater solid residues), show gain 7804.0 MJ/m3 renewable 38230.9 corresponds ratio 1.20 renewability factor 5.49. GHG exhibits global warming potential 584.8 kg CO2 eq/m3 bioethanol. effect system boundary expansion up end-of-life gasohol (E10), sensitivity key parameters, economic benefit via further analyzed discussed.