Promotion of Carbon Dioxide Biofixation through Metabolic and Enzyme Engineering

Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas, and its fixation transformation are receiving increasing attention. Biofixation of CO2 an eco–friendly efficient way to reduce CO2, six natural pathways have been identified in microorganisms plants. In this review, the along with most recent variant pathway were firstly comparatively characterized. The key metabolic process enzymes also summarized. Next, Rubiscos, biotin-dependent carboxylases, CO dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase, 2-oxoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductases, for transforming inorganic carbon (CO2, CO, bicarbonate) organic chemicals, specially analyzed. Then, factors including enzyme properties, concentrating, energy, reducing power requirements that affect efficiency discussed. Recent progress improving through engineering was then artificial thermodynamical and/or energetical advantages or benefits their applications biosynthesis included as well. challenges prospects biofixation conversion