Protective Relaying Coordination in Power Systems Comprising Renewable Sources: Challenges and Future Insights

This article provides a comprehensive review of optimal relay coordination (ORC) in distribution networks (DNs) that include distributed generators (DGs). The integration DGs into DNs has become real challenge for power system protection, as the flow changes from unidirectional to bidirectional, which complicates settings. introduction requires and modifications protective schemes maintain proper operation, reliability, stability, security system. paper focuses on impacts penetration DNs, including effects scheme coordination. Various expressions characterizing overcurrent (OC) problem, well related solution attempts, are discussed. Several optimization strategies techniques suggested by scientists deal with problems aiming achieve less computation time better accuracy. All these efforts ultimately aim define settings ORC generating setting cascading relative OC relays. broad overview contributions scholars recent publications this field, more than 210 articles reviewed analyzed. It is valuable resource other researchers same field who tackle their future endeavors.