Quasi‐Trapped Electron Fluxes Induced by NWC Transmitter and CRAND: Observations and Simulations

Signals from the NWC ground-based very low frequency (VLF) transmitter can leak into magnetosphere and scatter trapped energetic electrons drift loss cones. Recent studies also suggest that cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND) is probably an important source for quasi-trapped in inner belt. To investigate their relative contributions, this study comprehensively analyzes long-term variations of 206 keV at L = 1.7, which roughly shell where located. Furthermore, a drift-diffusion-source model used to reproduce longitudinal distributions sensitivities simulation results VLF intensities. These CRAND main hundreds when station dayside. In contrast, pitch angle diffusions become mechanism these operates nightside with more energy leaking magnetosphere.