Quaternary Ammonium Compound Disinfectants Reduce Lupus-Associated Splenomegaly by Targeting Neutrophil Migration and T-Cell Fate

Abstract Hypersensitivity reactions and immune dysregulation have been reported with the use of quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants (QACs). We hypothesized that QAC exposure would exacerbate autoimmunity associated systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus). Surprisingly, however, we found compared to QAC-free mice, ambient lupus-prone mice QACs led smaller spleens no change in circulating autoantibodies or severity glomerulonephritis. This suggests may immunosuppressive effects on lupus. Using a microfluidic device, showed reduced directional migration bone marrow-derived neutrophils toward an inflammatory chemoattractant ex vivo. Consistent this, decreased infiltration into spleen. While appeared exhibit pro-inflammatory profile, upregulated expression PD-L1 was observed infiltrated spleen, which turn interacted PD-1 T cells modulated their fate. Specifically, hindered activation splenic increased apoptosis effector T-cell populations. Collectively, these results suggest decreases lupus-associated splenomegaly likely through neutrophil-mediated toning and/or apoptosis. However, our findings also indicate even could alter cell phenotypes, functions, Further investigations how affect immunity under steady-state conditions are warranted.