Recent advances in ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistors for biosensing applications

Over the past decades, considerable development and improvement can be observed in area of ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) for biosensing applications. The mature semiconductor industry provides a solid foundation commercialization ISFET-based sensors extensive research has been conducted to improve performance ISFET, with special focus on materials, device structures, readout topologies. In this review, basic theories mechanisms ISFET are first introduced. Research gate materials is reviewed, followed by summary typical structures signal methods sensing system. After that, variety applications including ions, deoxyribonucleic acid, proteins, microbes presented. Finally, prospects challenges biosensors discussed.