Recovery and upcycling of residual lactic acid and ammonium from biowaste into yeast single cell protein

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a potential candidate for converting waste resources into food-grade single cell protein (SCP). Food fermentation broth rich in lactic acid was tested as an alternative substrate source S. this study. An electrodialysis (ED) system developed to recover lactate, acetate and ammonium ions (La-, Ac- NH4+) from the broth. First, we evaluated resilience under various volatile fatty acids (VFAs) pH levels. Initial lactate concentrations did not affect La- recovery efficiencies but affected their ion fluxes competitive transport. migration of delayed by increasing initial concentration, while concentrations. Increasing reduced H+ thus improved NH4+ efficiency. Further, recirculation control were examined identify challenges associated with continuous flow real-life applications. Recirculation caused greater loss recovered over extended period. decreased VFAs because could fully dissociate dilute, more lost concentrate. Finally, lactate-rich used contributed robust SCP yield 0.62 g/g-C. Manufacturing one kilogram costs €6-10 electricity €3-6 raw material. This study provides better understanding transport during ED uncovers biowaste sustainable production.