Re?Entrant Microstructures for Robust Liquid Repellent Surfaces

Superhydrophobic surfaces have many interesting applications because of their self-cleaning, waterproof, anti-biofouling, anti-corrosion, and low-adhesion properties. Accordingly, numerous with hierarchical micro/nanostructures are designed engineered to achieve superhydrophobicity. However, these two major problems. First, they lose superhydrophobic properties over time, primarily environmental conditions such as vibration, external pressure, evaporation, pollution. Second, most fail repel all types liquids, especially those low surface tensions. To address this bottleneck, microstructures re-entrant curvature emerged, demonstrating excellent liquid-repellent abilities robustness. Additionally, significant in designing unidirectional wetting for passive liquid handling. review systematically summarizes the design fabrication strategies microstructures. The emphasis is given wettability studies other applications, self-transporting. This paper also highlights potential remaining technical challenges fabricating structures. Finally, study concluded by providing future directions promising field.