Risk factors and diagnosis of iatrogenic damage of periodontal structures and roots during orthodontic Mini-Implants implantation procedures - a systematic literature review

Introduction and purpose
 In recent years, Mini-Implants (MI) have gained popularity new complications emerged with them. The article assesses the current reports on scale of problem, factors diagnostic possibilities related to iatrogenic injuries periodontal tissues roots.
 
 Description state knowledge
 incidence was estimated be 13.5%. Complications are more common in mandible at 20-27.1%. Periodontal root damage an important risk factor for treatment failure. fact that implant does not interfere alveolus structure gives effectiveness 90%, contact alveolar “lamina dura” is 62.5%. Interference successful only 31.2%.
 Risk failure include: young age, poor hygiene, smoking, area mandibular molars, root, thickness bone lack experience. between roots a trauma, as location close tooth cemento-enamel junction, no preparation surgery, using surgical templates, strenuous implantation or migration under influence orthodontic forces. Radiographs gold standard diagnosis complications, but they do allow full assessment three-dimensional structures implant. A promising method evaluation torque placed its final location. patient's subjective feelings questionable require further research.
 Summary
 There many MI most these periodontium root. Despite low rate, should prevented by pre-operative evaluation, in-operative monitoring, post-operative diagnostics.