Roadmap to semi-automatic generation of digital twins for brownfield process plants

Industrial process plants have a lifecycle of several decades, and only some the most modern digital, machine-readable design information available. For all other plants, is often available in PDF human-readable formats. Based on this information, digital twin could be constructed with considerable human effort. There need for methodology semi-automatic generation twins brownfields such source information. The objective paper to propose roadmap towards as can expected brownfields. purpose to: conceptualize methodology, position relevant previous work along identify further research challenges develop industrial applicability methodology. It was discovered that numerous works exist, which do not specifically address However, there lack integrate twins.