Seismic Behaviour of Shallow Tunnelling Method Tunnels Accounting for Primary Lining Effects

The shallow tunnelling method (STM) is usually used to construct tunnels buried in soft ground. It consists of primary lining and secondary (tunnel). In the seismic design STM tunnels, it assumed that (tunnel) resistant all effects. However, soil–primary–secondary system may generate complex interaction phenomena during ground shaking. Compared with case where not considered, existence alters response paper attempts investigate this interaction, focusing on full dynamic time history analysis adopted transversal direction. A Hohhot (China) arched tunnel a stratified soil deposit has been analyzed. Two configurations for two-dimensional plane strain model are studied compared, including one without lining. numerical parametric was conducted elucidate critical characteristics tunnels. Salient parameters affect were studied, motion, contact interface, soil, compared discussed, horizontal acceleration, deformation mode, internal force, damage. results show significant influence magnitude distribution response, especially considering nonlinearity nonlinear effect about 5%–35 %.