Separating the effects of two dimensions on ecosystem services: Environmental variables and net trade-offs

Spatial and temporal changes in ecosystem services (ESs) are driven by two types of factors: environmental factors trade-offs/synergies between services. In the ecological conservation red line (ECRL) area, which national security social sustainable development guaranteed, it is particularly important to clarify driving mechanism ESs for management ecosystems. this study, soil conservation, water yield, carbon sequestration Beijing’s ECRL area quantified, GeoDetector used identify influencing ESs. Moreover, partial correlation analysis calculate net compare them with extent variables contribute The results as follows: have different effects on ESs, their interactions can enhance determinative power corresponding individual variable. land use intensity an extremely factor affecting three services, indicating that rational planning crucial avoiding negative impacts trade-offs enabling coordinated optimization After elimination cross-influence variables, change significantly, impact compared trade-offs/synergies. Environmental forces spatiotemporal conservation. Precipitation similar yield. Spatiotemporal closely related other smaller influences from variables.