Simultaneous Enhancement of Actuation Strain and Mechanical Strength of Nanoporous Ni–Mn Actuators

Metallic electrochemical actuators convert electrical energy into mechanical via charge-induced strain at the nanoporous metal/electrolyte interface. To enhance actuation amplitude, a general choice is to increase electrode surface area elevate charge capacity. However, large detrimental stability and strength of actuator, such as irreversible volume shrinkage due coarsening. Here, this critical issue can be mitigated by introducing secondary metal (Mn) network primary (Ni). A Ni–Mn actuator synthesized chemical dealloying with controllable Mn content adjusting conditions. enriched nanowires are entangled much larger sized Ni nanoligaments throughout whole network. contributes two-electron-transfer redox Mn(OH)2/MnOOH/MnO2, which induces reversible change H+ intercalation/deintercalation. It more efficient for generation than one-electron-transfer Ni(OH)2/NiOOH in host. recorded high 1.94% obtained. Simultaneously, exponentially increases relative density introduction metal.