Social Costs of War Against Terrorism in Pakistan (2002–2012)

The Law of War in the War against Terrorism

Misreading Islamist Terrorism: the ‘‘war against Terrorism’’ and Just-war Theory

The Bush administration’s military war on terrorism is a blunt, ineffective, and unjust response to the threat posed to innocent civilians by terrorism. Decentralized terrorist networks can only be effectively fought by international cooperation among police and intelligence agencies representing diverse nation-states, including ones with predominantly Islamic populations. The Bush administrati...

The prevalence of HBV infection in the cohort of IDPs of war against terrorism in Malakand Division of Northern Pakistan

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is an important public health problem in the Pakistani population and is the major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. High prevalence of HBV infections has been observed especially in areas of low economic status. In spite of effective immunization programs, no significant change has been observed in the epidemiology of HBV in th...

Prevalence of HBV infection in suspected population of conflict-affected area of war against terrorism in North Waziristan FATA Pakistan.

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of severe liver diseases including fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis related end stage liver diseases (ESLD) in mankind. It is a common belief that infectious diseases have historically been responsible for the massiveness of war-related deaths, so the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HBV infec...

Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in internally displaced persons of war against terrorism in Swat, Pakistan.

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and C are the most common blood-borne liver infections worldwide. According to the recent estimates, 270-300 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and more than 2 billion people have been infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Transmission of these viruses is carried out by exposure to infectious blood or body fluids containing blood. ME...