Social Participation as a Moderator for Caregivers’ Psychological Distress: a Dynamic Panel Data Model Analysis in Japan

Abstract The adverse impact of caregiving on caregivers’ mental health and the positive social participation (SP) are both well understood. This study examined moderating effect SP association between family psychological distress (PD). We used longitudinal data from 27,869 individuals born 1946 1955 collected a 14-wave nationwide survey, which was conducted 2005 to 2018. estimated dynamic panel models, could control for an individual’s time-invariant attributes in framework, examine how moderated informal caregiver’s PD (defined by Kessler score 13 or higher). observed that onset increased probability 2.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5%–2.6%) 1.0% CI: 0.5%–1.6%) women men, respectively, compared 3.4% 2.8% as prevalence respectively. 55.8% 31.9%–79.8%) 73.5% 36.1%–110.9%) In addition, age advanced especially women. These results suggest need keep caregivers being socially isolated, they get older.