Some mechanistic requirements for major transitions

Some Requirements for XML

XML applications are developing rapidly. There is an urgent need for XML repositories to store XML documents, to retrieve and restructure them. This paper studies some of the requirements for such XML repository, i.e. the requirements for a data model, a query language and an architecture. We discuss various models and propose using Ozone, a model developed at Stanford, and an extension for man...

Kinetic and mechanistic requirements for helping CD8 T cells.

The requirements for the generation of fully competent long-lived memory CD8 T cells and in particular the role and the mechanisms of help from CD4 T cells remain ill-defined. Memory CD8 T cells generated in the absence of CD4 T cell help often have an impaired recall proliferation and are thus unable to confer protection against certain pathogens. However, the timing and the mechanisms involve...

Mathematics Requirements for the Undergraduate Major

Mathematics is, at the same time, a subject of the greatest depth and beauty with a history extending from antiquity. The department attempts to make this depth and beauty manifest. The undergraduate major program introduces students to some fundamental fields—algebra, real and complex analysis, geometry, and topology—and to the habit of mathematical thought. Mathematics majors may go on to gra...

The Major Transitions in Evolution

Major Transitions in Language Evolution

Language is the most important evolutionary invention of the last few million years. How human language evolved from animal communication is a challenging question for evolutionary biology. In this paper we use mathematical models to analyze the major transitions in language evolution. We begin by discussing the evolution of coordinated associations between signals and objects in a population. ...