Spatial navigation signals in rodent visual cortex

During navigation, animals integrate sensory information with body movements to guide actions. The impact of both navigational and movement-related signals on cortical visual processing remains largely unknown. We review recent studies in awake rodents that have revealed navigation-related the primary cortex (V1) including speed, distance travelled head-orienting movements. Both subcortical inputs convey self-motion related V1 neurons: for example, top-down from secondary motor retrosplenial cortices about head spatial expectations. Within V1, subtypes inhibitory neurons are critical integration signals. conclude potential functional roles gain control, error predictive coding.