Specialization of South African Judges and Courts: Multi-skilled, Multitasked, Multiaccess?

Grounds for ThE spECializaTion of CourTs and JudGEs in russia

This article touches upon the different ways of specialization of courts and judges that exist under the legislation of the Russian Federation. The lack of a unified and circumspect approach is noted. The formation of specialized courts, according to the national legislation, takes the form of their establishing within the existing subsystems of regular and arbitration courts. As for the specia...

Judges System for Classifiers Specialization

In this paper we designed and implemented a new ensemble of classifiers based on a sequence of classifiers which were specialized in regions of the training dataset where errors of its trained homologous are concentrated. In order to separate this regions, and to determine the aptitude of each classifier to properly respond to a new case, it was used another set of classifiers built hierarchica...

Lay Judges and Labor Courts: a Question of Legitimacy

This Article looks at lay judges in first instance labor courts in five European countries: France, Germany, Great Britain (not the United Kingdom because the arrangements in Northern Ireland are slightly different), Ireland, and Sweden. This interest is prompted by two main developments that have raised the significance of judicial means for resolving individual rights disputes. First, the per...

Psychiatric decision-making for the courts: judges, psychiatrists, lay people?

Until two decades ago the results of forensic psychiatric assessments were accepted more-or-less uncritically by the courts. Clinical opinions translated fairly directly into judicial decisions and these mental-health-inspired rulings often resulted in the seemingly unnecessary and unfair detention of patient prisoners. Over the past twenty years several strident critics have pointed out how th...

Between Legitimacy and Control: Challenges and Recusals of Arbitrators and Judges in International Courts and Tribunals