Statistical Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Salmon Oil via Enzymatic Transesterification: Investigation of the Effects of Various Operational Parameters

The enzymatic transesterification of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) oil was carried out using Novozym 435 (immobilized lipase from Candida antartica) to produce biodiesel. A response surface modelling design performed investigate the relationship between biodiesel yield and several critical factors, including enzyme concentration (5, 10, or 15%), temperature (40, 45, 50 °C), oil/alcohol molar ratio (1:3, 1:4, 1:5) time (8, 16, 24 h). results indicated that effects all factors were statistically significant at p-values 0.000 for production. optimum parameters production determined as 10% concentration, 45 °C, 16 h, 1:4 ratio, leading a 87.23%. step-wise addition methanol during further increased 94.5%. This is first study focused on oil-derived production, which creates paradigm valorization by-products would also reduce consumption demand plant oils derived crops vegetables.