Stress–Strain Model of High-Strength Concrete Confined by Lateral Ties under Axial Compression

High-strength concrete can effectively reduce the cross-sectional size, increase space usage, and cut material costs. To analyze mechanical properties of high-strength vertical members, various confinement models have been proposed to define ties-confined stress–strain relationship. However, most existing are divided into ascending descending segments. These continuous but not derivable at peak point, which does facilitate numerical calculations. Moreover, these a large number parameters that mostly obtained based on fitting experimental data, may also lead limited applicability models. In this study, for under axial compression reviewed, differences between discussed. Based results normal triaxial experiments test data from other studies columns, effective coefficient empirical formula ties strain stress confined proposed. A model is function, it validated available data. Results show reflect relationship specimens more simply while keeping basic accuracy with