STUDIES ON DYEING IN POLYMER SOLUTION

A Review on the Physico-Chemical Studies of Dyeing Progress and Dyeing Kinetics Using Natural Dyes

It is felt very essential to develop a knowledge base on dye chemistry and effects of dyeing process variables as well as rate of dyeing and chemical kinetics of dyeing for different natural dyes and fibres combinations to manipulate the processes of natural dyeing efficiently in order to get maximum color yield in economical way. A review on the effects of dye extraction medium, optimum concen...

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Polymer Chain Dynamics in Solution

Polymer Solution Thermodynamics:

Up to this point we have considered polymer chains in solvent at various concentrations. In dilute solution, we observed that the segmental density is localized around the center of mass of the coils; the local concentration gradient experienced by each chain drives the swelling of the coils. By contrast, in polymer melts, this swelling force is exactly cancelled by analogous forces exerted by ...

Studies on Induction of Erytrocyte Abnormalities in Cirrhinus Mrigala Exposed to Dyeing Industry Effluent

Erythrocyte abnormality test has been used to detect the genotoxic effect of dyeing industry effluent on the fish. The 96h LC50 of effluent against Cirrhinus mrigala was calculated by Finney method and three sublethal concentrations 24.48%, 12.24% and 6.12% were made. Fishes were kept in concentrations and blood was smeared after 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h. Eleven types of erythrocyte abnormalities ...

Polymer Solution Thermodynamics:

For concentrated polymer solutions, the free energy of mixing can be described through a “regular solution” model, such as that set forth by Flory, for a mixture of nc polymers and ns solvent molecules. To understand how the model breaks down for lower concentrations, it will be helpful to review its essential features. It is convenient to derive such a model using a lattice construct, though t...