Success and failure factors for increasing Sub-Saharan African smallholders’ resilience to drought through water management

This article analyses the success and failure factors underlying smallholder farmers’ resilience to drought in Sub-Saharan Africa based on a literature review of period 2007–19. The analysis is guided by transformation theory, which states that requires adequate preconditions three spheres: practical, political personal. While significant progress has occurred practical sphere, only moderate change characterizes most limited within personal sphere. We argue increasing innovative solutions, including components from all spheres. Interactions with local stakeholders empowerment farmers are essential.