Surface dipole assisted charge carrier extraction in inverted architecture perovskite solar cells

Engineering the energetics of perovskite solar cells through introduction surface dipoles that assist with charge carrier extraction is a promising route to enhance device performance without altering other layers or fabrication parameters. In this work, we introduce four different derivatives dicationic phosphonium-bridged ladder stilbenes (PYMC) in inverted structure ITO/Meo-2pacz/perovskite/PYMC/phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/bathocuproine/Ag. We show dipole at perovskite/PCBM interface, which for suitable energy levels can extraction, leading quenched photoluminescence thin films and an improved photovoltaic performance. As result, both higher average maximum power conversion efficiency could be achieved overall better reproducibility. This work highlights significant potential engineering between perovskites transport highly efficient devices.