Techniques for Natural Gas Physical Properties Definition for Flow Rate and Volume Metering Systems

City Natural Gas Metering

channel estimation for mimo-ofdm systems

تخمین دقیق مشخصات کانال در سیستم های مخابراتی یک امر مهم محسوب می گردد. این امر به ویژه در کانال های بیسیم با ‏خاصیت فرکانس گزینی و زمان گزینی شدید، چالش بزرگی است. مقالات متعدد پر از روش های مبتکرانه ای برای طراحی و آنالیز ‏الگوریتم های تخمین کانال است که بیشتر آنها از روش های خاصی استفاده می کنند که یا دارای عملکرد خوب با پیچیدگی ‏محاسباتی بالا هستند و یا با عملکرد نه چندان خوب پیچیدگی پایینی...

A method for bubble volume measurement under constant flow conditions in gas–liquid two-phase flow

Measuring the volume of a bubble, especially at its detachment, is a basic subject in gas-liquid two-phase flow research. A new indirect method for this measurement under constant flow conditions is presented. An electronic device is designed and constructed based on laser beam intensity. This device calculates the frequency of the bubble formation by measuring the total time of the formation p...

Natural gas: physical properties and combustion features

The majority of natural gases are mixtures of saturated hydrocarbons where methane prevails; they come from underground accumulations of gases alone or gases associated with oil. There are thus as many compositions of natural gases as exploited hydrocarbon layers. Apart from the methane which is the prevailing element, the crude natural gas usually contains decreasing volumetric percentages of ...

Ultrasonic Transducers for Gas and Liquid Flow Metering

Accurate fluid flow metering is essential for modern process control, and ultrasonic flow meters are well established in this area. However, the specific acoustic impedance mismatch for most piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers is different when operating liquids and gases, hence there are problems measuring two-phase flows when using a single type of piezoelectric transducer in a flow meter. T...