The Missing Waveform Information in the Orthogonal Electrocardiogram (Frank Leads)

The missing waveform information in the orthogonal electrocardiogram (Frank leads). I. Where and how can this missing waveform information be retrieved?

SUMMARY The orthogonal electrocardiogram (Frank leads) is a reasonable compromise between the demands of practicability and diagnostic accuracy. The accuracy has been enhanced by the use of computerized multivariate statistical procedures. The work of the last two or three decades, however, has shown that these leads account for only part of the total available surface information. In this pape...

The missing waveform information in the orthogonal electrocardiogram (Frank leads). II. Diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial infarction from "total" surface waveform information.

The missing waveform information in the orthogonal electrocardiogram (Frank leads). IV. Computer diagnosis of biventricular hypertrophy from "maximal" surface waveform information.

A new lead system recording nine surface ECGs was found capable of resynthesizing in each patient all the QRS waveforms recorded on the thoracic surface. Observations were made in 416 patients: 150 normal (N) individuals, 95 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), 97 patients with right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), and 74 patients with biventricular hypertrophy (BVH). After time-nor...

The missing waveform information in the orthogonal electrocardiogram (Frank leads). 3. Computer diagnosis of angina pectoris from "maximal" QRS surface waveform information at rest.

Quantitation of the normal Frank and McFee-Parungao orthogonal electrocardiogram in the adolescent.

A detailed linear, circular and spherical quantitation of the Frank and McFee-Parungao orthogonal electrocardiograms of 166 adolescents is presented. There are significant differences between pubescent males and females: (1) QRS and T magnitudes in the male are greater than in the female. (2) The difference in magnitudes is greater at age 11-15 than at age 16-19, presumably because females reac...