The multi-depot electric vehicle scheduling problem with power grid characteristics

• A bi-objective multi-depot electric transit vehicle scheduling problem. Time-of-use electricity tariffs and peak load risk for power grids are explicitly considered. lexicographic method to reformulate the optimization model achieve win-win situations. tailored branch-and-price algorithm that embeds heuristics a trip chain pool strategy. Higher solution quality computation efficiency compared off-the-shelf solver. Electric buses can bring significant environmental social benefits in future public transportation systems. However, large-scale adoption of faces major technical challenges caused by not only limited running range long charging time, but also complex grid characteristics, such as time-of-use (TOU) risk. On one hand, operation cost is determined TOU pricing schedule. other unbalanced demand resulting from schedule will cause pose potential threat safety. With increasing penetration buses, there real need carefully design manage bus reduce system costs ensure In this paper, we introduce problem, new generalization problem where effects The dual objectives minimize total concurrent recharging activities, constrained capacity depots/stations. time-expanded network devised represent while reformulated method. We propose solve Heuristics strategy embedded into expedite time. Our validated through benchmark real-world Guangzhou, China. results demonstrate our effective savings leveling, far outperforms solver with respect efficiency. application show state-of-the-practice, be significantly reduced, on top fleet size savings.