The surface salinity maximum of the South Atlantic

Like most other ocean basins, the maximum sea surface salinity region (MSR) in South Atlantic shows a large displacement from of difference between evaporation and precipitation (E-P), suggesting that processes play key role determining location MSR. We use outputs general circulation model (ECCO v4r3) to analyze mixed layer balance disentangle interaction atmospheric forcing oceanic both regions. The MSR is dominated by evaporative fluxes entrainment, while advection diffusion secondary role. On hand, E-P, high freshwater loss partially compensated horizontal low waters, which responsible for decreasing below observed Using particle tracking model, we find waters originate mostly re-circulation Tropical North Indian Oceans. After reaching MSR, those flow southward austral summer along Brazil Current (1.6 Sv, 1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1), northward winter (3.5 Sv). This seasonal variability fate salty water modulated migration Equatorial bifurcation region. Tracking particles released at base subducted salt river with an estimated transport 2.6 on 25.2 kg m−3 neutral density flows retroflects just north equator as part Undercurrent. These high-salinity are significant contributor upper limb meridional overturning eastern their variability.