Thymoquinone, but Not Metformin, Protects against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity and Renal Dysfunction in Rats

Background: Gentamicin (GM) is an antibiotic that widely used to treat many Gram-negative bacteria, such as those involved in urinary tract infections. However, being nephrotoxic, GM dose adjustment and reno-protective elements must be concurrently administered with minimize kidney damage. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role the pathogenesis of GM-induced nephrotoxicity. Thymoquinone (TQ) promising therapeutic substance, extensively studied diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancer, hypertension, others. The powerful antioxidant properties TQ may greatly help minimizing Metformin (MF) well-known, clinically approved oral hypoglycaemic drug has other actions, including properties. aim this work was evaluate possible effects metformin nephrotoxicity same model (rats) at time. In addition, we aimed further understand underlying Methods: Twenty male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: first group (control) received distilled water; second only; third concurrent GM; fourth MF GM. After 4 weeks, renal function histopathology, well levels oxidative markers glutathione peroxidase-1 (GLPX1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) tissues, assessed. Results: Compared control group, expected, GM-injected showed significant biochemical histological changes denoting rats, administration significantly reduced serum creatinine, urea, tissue MDA increased GLPX1 SOD. Concurrent both SOD decreased but had no effect on creatinine urea levels. addition either or resulted reduction endothelial proliferation mesangial hypercellularity. Conclusions: Both effectively alleviated not producing complete effect. Further studies for evaluation different mechanisms should conducted.