Topology optimization of microwave frequency dividing multiplexers

Abstract We use material-distribution-based topology optimization to design a three-port frequency dividing multiplexer at microwave frequencies. That is, by placing good electric conductor inside the domain, we aim passive device that splits incoming signal’s frequencies into two bands and transmits them their respective output ports. The Helmholtz equation models time-harmonic wave propagation problem. solve governing using finite element method. adjoint variable method provides required gradients, problem Svanberg’s MMA algorithm. In this study, present technique for modeling distribution of within domain. addition, derive power balance expression, which aids in formulating series three objective functions. each successive function, add more information evaluate its impact on results. results show selecting suitable achieve than $$93.7\,\%$$ 93.7 % transmission both bands. Moreover, numerical experiments suggest is self penalized sensitive initial design.