Transcriptomics Combined with Photosynthetic Physiology and Leaf Structure Analysis Revealed Increased Sugarcane Yield by Fenlong-Ridging

Fenlong-ridging (FL) is a new type of conservation tillage. In many crops, FL increases crop yield and quality; however, the cytology molecular mechanisms crops under not completely understood. This study investigated soil physical chemical properties conventional tillage (CK) during 2018–2019 (plant cane) 2019–2022 (first stubble), analyzed agronomic trait, physiology, leaf anatomical structure, gene expression related to photosynthesis between CK sugarcane (Guitang 42). Soil bulk density significantly increased, porosity, water storage, content available nitrogen phosphorus were higher than those CK. Plant height, stem diameter, single weight, effective number increased compared Sugar in plant cane FL. Chlorophyll photosynthetic rate with activity enzymes including NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBPC) results showed that mesophyll cells large arranged well, Kranz anatomy was noticeable, there high chloroplasts cell vascular bundle sheath. Furthermore, sheath larger Transcriptomics 19,357 differentially genes (DEGs) up-regulated 28,349 DEGs down-regulated leaves vs. The Gene Ontology Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes enrichment analysis revealed abundant enriched photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna protein, carotenoid biosynthesis, other pathways associated photosynthesis. Most up-regulated, thus, facilitating regulation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction up-regulation (PsaH PsbS) Overall, this provides insights into role by integrating cytology, proteomics analysis. These findings could be used further improve its application promotion.