Transgene behavior in genetically modified teosinte hybrid plants: transcriptome expression, insecticidal protein production and bioactivity against a target insect pest

Abstract Background In 2009, Spanish farmers reported a novel weed, now identified as relative of maize’s ancestor, teosinte, in their maize fields. Introgression the insect resistance transgene cry1Ab from genetically modified (GM) into populations this weedy teosinte could endow it with additional defense mechanisms. The aims study were: (1) to test if hybridization between GM and plants Spain is possible; (2) understand relationship transcription activity, concentrations expected product (Cry1Ab protein) bioactivity latter on target pests following flow plants. Results We demonstrated that possible, no observable barrier formation crop/weed hybrids when served pollen donor. When were used donors, significant crossing incompatibility was observed: hybrid produced only few “normal” seeds. Nevertheless, viable F1 seeds crossed onto indeed obtained. stably expressed mRNA all crossings backgrounds. Similarly, toxicity neonate Ostrinia nubilalis , presumably due Cry1Ab protein, consistently hybrids, mortality rates 95% or higher after 4 days exposure, similar parental strong correlations observed levels concentrations, nor across different genetic Conclusions Our results establish fundamental parameters for environmental risk assessments European context: first, we show fields where exist sympatrically can lead potentially catastrophic transfer traits an already noxious weed; second, our question viability using gene dosage model predict ecological performance either intended crop plant undesired weed. Significant questions remain should be addressed order provide scientific, sound approach management