Trends in high-temperature H2 production on CeO2 Co-doped with trivalent cations in solid oxide electrolysis cells

CeO2-based catalysts incorporated with cooperative dopants show excellent potential for promoting H2 production via the water-splitting reaction (WSR) in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). Here, we report that CeO2 co-doped Gd + Sb, Pr and Bi Sb trivalent cations have superior performance WSR rate 2–5 orders of magnitude larger than individual including Ga, Lu, Gd, Sm, Pr, Bi, La, owing to improved stability hydridic H-species accordingly decreased barrier their decompositions into by co-doping. The energy turn-over frequency (TOF) toward is shown correlate well average ionic radius cations, where TOF increases decreasing smaller better activity other dopants. Our studies suggest incorporating ceria proper co-dopants an close or pairs as effective strategy enhancing on SOECs.