Tri-Objective Optimal PMU Placement Including Accurate State Estimation: The Case of Distribution Systems

This paper presents a tri-objective Optimal Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) Placement (OPP) strategy that is focused on the minimization of i) total number PMU channels, ii) maximum state estimation uncertainty based only high-rate data and iii) sensitivity to line parameter tolerances. The proposed formulation keeps into account system observability with without contingencies due single-line faults. Also, it includes effect possible zero-injection buses a-priori constraints both channels type measurements performed at each bus. Due nonlinear combinatorial nature OPP problem, this solved through custom implementation nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). analysis distribution systems. placement results obtained using four test systems different size show increasing instrumented PMUs and/or beyond given thresholds just leads larger costs negligible further reductions in parameters Moreover, if two three-phase are used, we can avoid instrumenting between 30% 40% minor impact performance even case contingencies. percentage be slightly increased multi-channel used. However, choice generally not profitable.